标题: Preventing Pain: An Introduction [打印本页] 作者: libingccmb 时间: 2020-8-12 01:43 标题: Preventing Pain: An Introduction Preventing Pain: An Introduction
Pain is defined by IASP as “An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual orpotential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage.” Chronic pain is typically defined as painthat continues to be present for greater than 3 months [15], or lasts longer that the expected normalduration of recovery. Monitoring an individual’s pain that does not improve within 3 months isimportant given that early treatment of pain is the best way to prevent long-term, persistent chronicpain [7].
An estimated 1 in 5 people in the world population experiences some form of chronic pain [8]. In theUnited States alone, 50 million people suffer from chronic daily pain with 19.6 million have high-impactchronic pain (i.e., chronic pain that frequently limits life or work activities) [2]. The most common typesof chronic pain include:
musculoskeletal pain (e.g., chronic low back pain, neck pain, arthritis pain)
neuropathic pain (e.g., peripheral neuropathy, trigeminal neuralgia)
functional pain syndromes (e.g., fibromyalgia, chronic migraine, chronic pelvic pain)
chronic pain after surgery complex regional pain syndrome
cancer painImpact of Chronic PainChronic pain represents a great burden on the global society as well as the individual. The whole personand their environment are impacted by chronic pain – physically, psychologically, behaviorally, andsocially [6]. The personal impact of chronic pain on a person’s life depends on the severity and durationof pain and how well the individual is able to manage their pain. Chronic pain can lead to reducedactivity and social isolation [3]. While it may seem like avoiding activities such as exercise and socialevents would allow rest and healing, scientific data show that gentle to moderate activity and continuedengagement in a healthy range of daily activities is best for prevention and management of chronic pain[11].
improvedpain relief worldwide.How to Reduce the Chance of Developing Chronic Pain – General Health GuidelinesMaintaining a healthful lifestyle is a strong intervention to prevent chronic pain [10]. Maintain a healthful diet and weight Exercise regularly Eliminate unhealthy practices such as excessive alcohol use and smoking Work and rest in a variety of healthy postures Manage stress with deep breaths using the diaphragm muscles [13], participating inenjoyable activities, reducing sources of unnecessary stress whenever possible Seek counsel or psychological/behavioral therapy whenever needed [14]How to Manage Acute Pain and Prevent Transition to Chronic Pain *Primary Prevention*Discuss the plan for pain management for the short-term pre-surgery or post-injury. Ensuring effectivepain control can result in quicker resolution. Regular review of pain management is important. Doctorsshould take an individualized patient-centered approach and focus on multimodal treatment to preventthe transition to chronic pain [7].As recommended by the recent Pain Management Best Practices Inter-agency Task Force Report [18] it isadvisable for patients to: Take anti-inflammatory medications (for example, ibuprofen) Apply cold and/or heat to the affected areas Participate in therapeutic (mild to moderate)
exercise Physical therapy (or physiotherapy), massage therapy Manage stress Obtain psychological supportAdditionally, it may be advisable to: